Method of and apparatus for hand weaving



Jan. 9, 1940.

M. J. BOYER ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HAND WEAVING 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 18, 1939 TOR. ayer 8/ & Nell/e E. o

ATTORNEY.

20 Max Jan. 9, 1940- M. J. BOYER ET AL METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HANDWEAVING Filed Feb. 18, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 e/ g I & M57 51 KTTORNEYAax OOOOOOOOOOOOQOO yer Patented Jan. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HAND WEAVING Maxwell J. Boyerand Nellie E. Boyer, Lakeland, Fla.

The purpose of this invention is to provide improvements in apparatusand methods of hand weaving which will facilitate and simplify theweaving of various articles, such as mats, scarfs, rugs, bath mats, potholders, hand bags, and the like, in which the various articles may bewoven inrectangular shaped units, and these may readily bejoinedtogether to form a mat, scarf, rug, I quilt, or the like, of any size orshape. m The invention is a relatively small hand frame adapted to beused as a loom and upon which devices may be woven by-loops or strands,and in which the edges may be bound or fringed, or fin- I ished in anymanner desired. i Weaving frames, looms, curtain stretchers, and variousdevices have been made of various shapes and designs, and substantiallyall of these comprise a frame generally of a rectangular shape withpins, hooks, or-other thread, yarn, or other holding means at the sides;however, for hand weaving of this type, in which weaving is facilitatedby providing the material in endless loops or by using double strands,it has been found desirable to provide a loom or frame of a particulartype or size, and in which the pins or holding means are arranged inrowsand spaced at the corners to provide angular shaped notches which makeit possible to finish the corners to form a complete unit on the loom,or join the corners to form a rosette, and also in which the pins arearranged to form continuous rows of extending loops at the sides whichmay readily be laced together with joining units. It has also been founddesirable,v particularly for hand weaving looms, to provide meanswhereby a fringe or finish may readily be formed on the loom. 1 I

The object of this invention is, therefore, to provide a specific formof loom for hand weavingwhich is adapted to weave strandsor loops toform individual units. Y

Another object is to provide a hand weaving loom in which means isprovided for forming a fringe or border. v 45 Another object. is-toprovide av hand loom in which evenly spaced pinsare required, in whichthe pins of each side are formed in separate sections and mountedupon-the frame as a unit.

Another object is to provide a method of weaving in which loops, whichare obtained by cutting tubular material transversely, and also yarn,are used, either of which may readily be interwoven, using the samematerial for warp and weft. v

Another object is to provide means for connecting the edges of a unitformed of interwoven loops, thereby holding it secure.

Another object is to provide a method of lacing the edges of unitsformed of interwoven loops without using an additional strand ofmaterial.

Another object is to provide means for forming a rosette at theadjoining corners of a plurality of woven units.

A further object is to provide a method of forming a fringe on a handloom for providing an edge or binding to articles formed on the loom.

And a still further object is to provide a unique ,handloom and methodof weaving thereon, in

which' articles may be produced in a relatively simple manner and at arelatively low cost.

With these ends in view the invention embodies a rectangular shapedframe having equally spaced pins arranged in rows in units on theopposite sides thereof, with similar units of rows of pins positioneddirectly opposite to the units providing means holding loops inperpendicular relation, and a method of weaving articles with loops ordouble strands, combining the edges and corners, and providing a finishor fringe.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from thefollowing description, taken in connection with the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a frame or loom showing loops on one sectionthereof, and a few loops on the opposite section with a needle in theposition of drawing a loop through the oppositely positioned loops.

Figure 2 is a cross section through the loom shown in Figure 1, showingthe method of construction.

Figure 3 is a view showing a frame of an alternate design, in which thepins are provided independently and also in which single strands ofmaterial are woven on the frame, showing the strands laced to form thewarp on one section and being drawn through to form the weft in thetransverse direction, illustrating the method of weaving with a doublestrand even when using a single strand of material.

Figure 4 is a view illustrating a single loop of material as used inFigure 1.

Figure 5 is a detail showing a method of joining the loops at the comersafter units have been formed on the frame shown in Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a detail showlnga rosette formed after joining the loops asshown in Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a detail showing a method of joining loops to form a fringeon the loom.

Figure 8 is a view showing a plurality of loops joined as shown inFigure '7 to form strands, and

arranged on the loom shown in either Figures 1 or 3 to form a foundationfor making fringe as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 9 is a view showing posts and a hook on the reverse side or backof the loom shown in Figures 1 and 3, illustrating an alternate methodfor forming a finishing fringe or binding.

Figure 10 is a detail showing one of the posts at the back of the loom.

Figure 11 is a similar detail showing a hook at the opposite corner ofthe loom.

Figure 12 is a detail showing a method of forming the fringe with asingle strand of material.

Figure 13 is a view showing a plurality of units forming a mat with theloops being laced together, and with the fringe formed as shown inFigure 9 partly attached.

Figure 14 is a detail showing a unit with a portion of the loops at theends shown on a larger scale to indicate a finished article.

Figure [5 is a detail showing a corner of the unit shown in Figure 14having fringe attached thereto.

In the drawings the loom is shown and the method is illustrated as itmay be used, wherein numeral I indicates a frame, numeral 2, loopsadapted to be woven on the frame, and numeral 3, a needle adapted to beused for weaving the loops on the frame.

In the design shown in Figures 1 and 2, the frame I is formed of arectangular shape, with the pins or holding means provided in the formof teeth of a'comb 4 having teeth 5 and a back or flange 6 wedged intoslots or grooves I in the four sides of the frame. The part 6 may be provided with small raised portions 8 formed by indentations in theopposite sides, so that the combs may be forced into the slots of theframe, thereby securing the co'mbs in position. The teeth of the combsmay be of any shape or design, and any means may be provided forsecuring the combs in the frame. The holding means may also be formed ofpins 9 illustrated in Figure 3, in which the pins are placed directly inthe frame 10; however it will be noted in both designs that the pinsterminate at the points I l and I2 shown in Figure 1, and I3 and M inFigure 3, providing open spaces at the corners in which triangularshaped areas are formed between the end loops as shown. The remainingpins are evenly spaced, and the pins in the opposite sections of theframe are positioned directly opposite, so that all of the strands onthe loom passing in one direction will be parallel, and the transversestrands perpendicular. The loom, therefore, consists of a rectangularshaped frame having four sides and with a plurality of pins extending upward from each side, with the pins spaced from the ends providing openspaces at the corners, and with the pins of", one side directly oppositethose of the other.

The frame may also be provided with posts l5 and I6 extending outwardfrom the opposite side, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, and a hook H asshown in Figures 9 and 11, so that fringe for the article formed on theloom may be made on the opposite side. The posts l5 and I 6 may also beused as legs to elevate part of the loom to facilitate weaving. I

The needle 3 used in weaving on the loom. may be made as shown inFigures 1 and 3, with a relatively small hook l8 at one end, and alarger loop I!) at the other by which it may be held, and it will benoted that the hook may be laced through the strands, as illustrated infigures 1 and 3, and

may then draw a double strand or loop back through the strands of theopposite side, and, after the loop or double strand is drawn through, itmay be hooked over the pin on the frame, and, where loops are used, theopposite end is hooked over a pin directly opposite and on the oppositeside of the frame.

When weaving with a single strand, as shown in Figure 3, one end of thestrand may be tied to the frame, as shown at the point 20, and thestrand may then be placed over the pins at the opposite sides with abackward and forward movement until all of the strands forming the warpare on the frame, and then the strand may be passed from the pinindicated by the numeral II to the pin indicated by the numeral l3, andthen caught by the hook l8 which has been woven through the strands ofthe warp, and drawn through the strands indicated by the numeral 2 ldrawing a double strand across the warp strands, thereby forming theweft, substantially the same as shown in Figure 1, the ball of yarnremaining on the left hand side of the loom, and a double strand beingdrawn across each time. This action is continued until the entire unitis formed, and then the loops at the edges may be connected by a chainstitch or single crochet stitch, or any suitable means as indicated atthe point 22. The loops in the design shown in Figure 1 may also bebound in a similar manner by a stitch or thread 23. After the loops atthe edges are connected with a chain stitch or the like, the unit isremoved from the frame and the loops of one unit may be laced with theloops of another, as shown in Figures 5 and 13, leaving two loops ateach corner, particularly as shown in Figure 5, and the two loops of theadjoining corners of four units, with the adjoining laced or seam loopof each unit, are bound together by passing a thread 24 through all ofthe loops, as shown in Figure 5, drawing them together and tying theends of the thread. This forms a rosette 25 as shown in Figure 6,however it will be understood that the corners may be joined in anyother manner or by any means. The loops at the edges of the differentunits may be laced together as illustrated at the point 26 at the sideof the article shown in Figure 13, or the loops at the sides of eachunit may be laced together independently, as shown around the edge ofthe article shown in Figure 13, as they are removed from the loom,

forming a finished edge and eliminating the chain stitch or otherconnecting means. I

The frame may also be used to form a fringe 26, and this may be made byloops as shown in Figure 8, or single strands as shown in Figure 9,using the pins of the frame or friction holding posts on the backthereof. In the design shown in Figure 8, the fringe is formed by loops2 with ther ends held together by slip knots 21, as shown in Figures 7and 8, and with the loops connected in this manner two of the knots 29and 30 may be placed over two of the pins of the frame, with theopposite ends of the loops converging and placed-over a pin at theopposite side of the frame, as indicated at the point 3 I, and thefringe may be made thereon by short peces of yarn, as shown'in Figure 9,or pieces of any suitable material, and these are placed across the twostrands as shown at the point 32 in Figure 9, with the ends drawn upwardbetween the strands, and then this is moved downward to the point 33where, with the knot pulled tight, the two strands are secured together,and, as a plurality of short pieces are placed on the knots, as shown atthe point 33, and this end may be placed over the hook I! with thestrands placed in slots 36 in the upper ends of the posts l and I6, and,as the fringe is formed, the

strands 34 and 35 may be drawn through the posts and the finished fringemoved downward on the hook.

It will also be understood that fringe may be formed on a singlestrand,-as shown in Figure 12, in which a small strip of material 31 islooped around a strand 38. These sections of material may be made ofyarn or any suitable material, and, although this fringe is illustratedas being particularly adapted for the edges of mats, it will also beunderstood that it may be curled. coiled, or laminated with the strandsin layers and stitched together to form a mat, rug, or the like. InFigure 13, the fringe 26 is shown as being attached to the outer edge ofthe mat, as illustrated at the point 39, and it will also be understoodthat a fringe having either a single or double strand as a foundationmay be used as a fringe for the mat or rug; or either may be used toform a rug. These strips of fringe may be attached together or to theedge of the mat by yarn, thread, or jersey of a suitable weight orthickness. I

It will be understood that changes may made in the construction withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. One of which changes may bein the shape or design of the frame which forms a loom, another may bein the use of a needle of any other type, another may be in the use ofother. means for removably mounting the pins or points on the frame, andstill another may be in the use of the frame or loom for any otherpurpose.

The construction will be readily understood from the foregoingdescription. In use, individual frames are provided as shown anddescribed, and, when weaving with the loops, the individual loops areplaced across the frame as shown in Figure 1, with the ends held uponthe pins, and the cross loops are woven through these loops by runningthe hook l8 of the needle through the loops from the right hand side,then hooking the end of another loop in the hook l8 and drawing the loopthrough the former loops, so that one end may be hooked over a pin onone side with the other over a pin on the opposite side, as illustratedby the loops in the upper part of the frame.

The same is true of the frame illustrated in Figure 3, except that theyarn is drawn backward and forward, with the corner formed ashereinbefore described on the pins I 3 and II,

and the yarn is then drawn backward and forward through the doublestrands, drawing a double strand through with the needle, as describedand illustrated. I Larger devices may be made, as illustrated in Figure13, by lacing the ends of the loops at the sides together and joiningthe comers to form rosettes, and the fringe may or mry not be added asmay be desired. Theloops may also be laced together, as shown in Figure13, to form a border instead of extending outward as shown in Figure 14,or these may be bound or arranged in any manner.

Having thus fully described the invention,

what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A hand loom comprising a relatively small rectangularly shaped framehaving slots in the upper surfacesof the side and end members,

and combs with backs and outwardly extending teeth providing yarnholding pins positioned with the backs of the combs frlctionally-held inthe slots and with the teeth extending outward from the face of theframe, the combs being shorter than the distance between'opposite framemembers and the end tooth of each comb being spaced inwardly from theinside surface of the adjoining frame member whereby fringe is formed onthe margins of the fabric by strands extending between opposite combs.

2. A method of weaving on a hand loom with I endless loops of materialon a rigid rectangular frame forming a solid unit having equally spacedstationary straight projections on the upper faces of thefour sidesthereof, which comprises placing the said endless loops in parallelposi- 1 tion continuously over each of the oppositely positionedprojections on two opposite sides of the frame to form the warp offabric formed thereon, and interweaving other endless loops of material,to form the weft, with the said former loops by first Weaving a hookedmember alternately up and down through the loops forming the warp anddrawing, thereby, the said other endless loops of material therethrough,with the said other endless loops also placed over oppositely positionedprojections on two other opposite sides of the-frame, the weavingterminating a substantial distance from the sides of the frame wherebyfringe is formed on the margins of the fabric by extending ends of theloops.

3. A method of weaving on a hand loom with yarn with a rectangular framehaving spaced projections on the upper surface of the four sides thereofwith projections at the corners or intersections of the said sidesomitted, which comprises tying one end of the yarn around the frameadjacent one corner thereof, lacing the yarn in substantially parallelrelation back and forth over the projections of two of the oppo-'strands; and characterized in that the yarn being woven through theparallel strands first placed on the two oppositesides is woven bydrawing two strands at a time with the connecting end of the said twostrands placed over one of the said projections after being woventhrough the strands, whereby a substantially continuous fringe of closedloops is formed around an article woven thereby.

' MAXWELL J. BOYER.

NEILIE E. BOYER.

